most surgeons have by now acquired substantial experience with laparoscopic antireflux procedures and thus are more familiar and comfortable with laparoscopic exposure of the distal esophagus and ...

Compared with baseline, increased contraction amplitudes were observed in the distal esophagus 20 min and 40 min after bethanechol administration. Peak amplitude in the distal esophagus occurred ...

With primary peristalsis, note that the delay in onset of depolarization, spike burst, and esophageal contraction in the distal esophagus relates to a marked secondary hyperpolarization (arrow).

Acid regurgitation can lead to distal peptic strictures of the esophagus, with a low eosinophilic infiltration on biopsy (<10 eosinophils/HPF). Eosinophilic esophagitis can produce thick rings or ...