Compact fluorescent bulbs are suitable for general interior lighting in spaces like hallways, kitchens, and bathrooms.

White-light sources based on reliable and energy-efficient LEDs have only recently been made possible through developments in semiconductors (Fig. 1 shows a white-light LED in action).It is ...

This course considers the efficiency of lamps and luminaires in producing and distributing luminous flux. Lighting controls for energy saving applications are investigated. Principles of exterior ...