The DSM's approach to childhood psychiatric diagnoses lacks theory, structure, and balance. A new model must include risk-weighted criteria and protective factors.

These developments cannot be considered apart from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Published by ...

There was little differentiation or specificity. DSM-II (1968) followed suit, remaining rooted in Freudian ideas and lacking systematic criteria. It was not until DSM-III (1980) that psychiatry ...