Freshly prepared TILs from RCC were stimulated for 4 h with 50 ng/ml phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and 500 ng/ml ionomycin, which appeared to be more effective than anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody.

CD3 T-cell engagers have the potential to be a cornerstone of cancer treatment. They guide the immune system to find and eliminate cancer cells by binding tumor targets and the CD3 protein on ...