Only the ninth and tenth ribs should be used on the left, because the higher intercostal veins on that side drain into the accessory hemiazygos, which may not terminate in the azygos vein.

Though it is well known that dilated tortuous azygos and hemiazygos veins can be evident as masses on the right side ... left side of the upper thoracic spine and drains into the hemiazygos vein.

Intralobar sequestration (ILS) refers to nonfunctioning lung tissue with anomalous arterial supply from the aorta, venous drainage usually to pulmonary veins but occasionally to systemic veins ...

The treatment, also called the "liberation procedure," involves widening narrowed internal jugular or azygos veins with stents or balloon angioplasty in patients with chronic cerebrospinal venous ...