Tempering of AISI 4130 steel can be performed at 399 to 566°C (750 to 1050°F), depending on the desired strength level. Hardening of AISI 4130 steel can be done with cold working or heat treatment.

AI is transforming polymer sustainability, with Dr. Steve Edkins highlighting advancements in recycling efficiency and the development of bio-based materials. Micro-XRF is the key method used for the ...