Tamara Kuennen, Uncharted Violence: Reclaiming Structural Causes in the Power and Control Wheel" 55 Az. St. L. Rev.; Forthcoming. For thirty years the “Power and Control Wheel” has been the ...

Created by the Domestic Abuse Intervention Project, the power and control wheel — also called the Duluth wheel — was developed in the 1980s. It was created using focus groups of female survivors.